Bulgars Ask Peace As Rumania Strikes.

New York Times 100 years ago today, July 11, 1913:
Their Plan of Campaign Fails and They Are Forced to Appeal to the Powers.
RUMOR OF GREAT DISASTER
Gen. Ivanoff and 50,000 Men Said to Have Been Forced to Surrender to the Greeks — Turkey Restive.
Special Cable to The New York Times.
    LONDON, Friday, July 11.— he latest information from the Balkans is that Rumania has begun the invasion of Bulgaria and that the King of Rumania has declared war.
    The Daily Telegraph says private information has reached London that Rumania is determined to obtain the whole region which she originally demanded as a reward for her neutrality during the Turko-Balkan war. This extends from Turtukai, about a hundred miles from the sea, to Balchik, on the Black Sea, comprising some 2,500 square miles.
    Rumania's army mobilization began several days ago and it is estimated that half a million men will act as soon as the concentration is complete.
    The first step will be the crossing of the Danube and the occupation of the coveted territory, including the powerful fortified city of Silistria, at present the property of Bulgaria.

    PARIS, Friday, July 11.— The Matin this morning announces that Rumania has declared war on Bulgaria. The following note was sent to Bulgaria by Rumania last evening:

    The Royal Legation of Rumania at Sofia is requested by its Government to communicate the following to the royal Government of Bulgaria:
    The Rumanian Government warned the Bulgarian Government in due time that should the Balkan allies plunge into war, Rumania would not be able to maintain the reserve she had hitherto imposed on herself in the interest of peace, but would be compelled to enter into action. The Bulgarian Government did not deem it necessary to reply to this communication. War, unfortunately, broke out, in the first instance through the sudden attack of the Bulgarians upon Servian troops without Bulgaria observing even the elementary rules of preliminary notification, which would at least have been evidence of respect for conventions and international usages.
    In the presence of this situation the Rumanian Government has given orders to the Rumanian Army to enter Bulgaria.

    The Matin adds that Rumanian troops crossed the Bulgarian frontier last evening.
    Yesterday Russia notified the Governments of Servia. Greece, and Montenegro that Bulgaria desired that hostilities cease and desired to meet her former allies in St. Petersburg. Servia, Greece, and Montenegro have not replied to the Russian communication. The Matin, however, says that Servia and Greece will reply as follows:
    They are prepared to sign an immediate armistice on condition that Bulgaria agrees at once as a basis of a peace treaty to this division of the territories ceded by Turkey: All the territory situated east of the valley of the Vardar to the northeast of Karasu shall be ceded to Bulgaria, the territory situated west of the valley of the Vardar, as far as Guevgheli, shall be Servian, while all the territory to the south of Karasu shall be Greek. In addition Greece demands guarantees for the free exercise of Greek religion and education throughout Bulgarian territory.
    Bulgaria can conclude immediate peace with her former allies, and also prevent the arrival of a Rumanian army before Sofia on condition that she accepts the new frontiers proposed by Servia and Greece, and cedes to Rumania the Bulgarian territory situated between Turtukai in North Bulgaria, and Balchik, on the Black Sea.
    If Bulgaria refuses to accept these conditions, the Rumanian, Servian, Greek, and Montenegrin armies will march on Sofia, and, once her capital is in the hands of the allies, the peace conditions imposed upon Bulgaria will be much more severe.

    BUCHAREST, July 10.— The Rumanian Government has issued orders to the army to invade Bulgaria to-morrow.
    It has instructed the Rumanian Minister at Sofia to notify the Bulgarian Government of this decision.

    VIENNA, July 10.— Rumanian troops began to cross the Bulgarian frontier at 4 o'clock this afternoon, according to late advices received here.
    France has undertaken to negotiate with Servia and Greece on behalf of Bulgaria in order to ascertain what terms of peace can be arranged.
    The French Government has advised the Greeks and the Servians not to demand too much, saying that otherwise Bulgaria is likely to prefer to take the chances of fighting out the quarrel.

    ATHENS, July 10.— Official dispatches report the continued pursuit of the Bulgarians and a desperate battle in the passes of Mount Belissi and on the main road from Doiran to Strumitza, which resulted in a complete victory for the Greeks and the rout of the Bulgarians.
    The capture of these passes was a disaster for the Bulgarians, because it enabled the Greeks to attack the rear of the Bulgarian Fourth Army Corps, which had its front fortified against the Servians. The Bulgarians hastily abandoned their fortified positions in front of Istib and fled headlong from the furious assault of the Greek infantry, who captured nine guns.
    The Greeks pursued the enemy unchecked as far as Strumitza.
    On the extreme left the Greeks to-day attacked the Bulgarians near Demi-Hissar.
    A Greek naval force to-day occupied the seaport of Kavala on the Aegean Sea, hitherto in the hands of the Bulgarians.
    The Athens newspapers regard the whole Macedonian territory between the Vardar and Struma Rivers as now having been completely evacuated by the Bulgarians, and they believe that the Bulgarian army now in retreat from the Kotchana district, has been caught between the Greeks and the Servians.
    Patriotic donations are pouring into the treasury. The largest of these came from a rich Greek living in Paris, named Zacharoff, who sent $200,000 to Premier Venizelos.

Serbs Pursuing Bulgars.
    BELGRADE, July 10.— The Bulgarian troops continue to retire, closely pursued by the Servians, according to official reports received here.
    The Bulgarians, retreating from Istib, had intended to occupy Radovitch, an important town some miles to the east, but the Servian cavalry drove them out of this strategic position yesterday. The Bulgarians fled, leaving their dead and wounded on the field and throwing away rifles, ammunition, and foodstuffs in their tracks.
    Reports are current that a great battle is raging around Kostendil, the result of which may have an important bearing on the campaign.
    Late dispatches announce that the Servians who were pursuing the Bulgarians from Istib have occupied Radoviche, where they came into contact with the Greek forces. The Bulgarian retreat from Istib is therefore cut off.

    ST. PETERSBURG, July 10— Bulgaria has placed herself unreservedly in the hands of Russia with a view to bringing about a cessation of hostilities in the Balkans, and in order to prevent further bloodshed, according to an announcement made here to-day, apparently on good authority.

    CONSTANTINOPLE, July 10.— The negotiations between Bulgaria, represented by M. Natchevitch, and Turkey are pursuing a friendly course.
    It is said that in addition to undertaking the immediate evacuation of the Marmora littoral, M. Natchevitch has proposed a frontier line more advantageous to Turkey than the Enos-Midia line.

    LONDON, Friday, July 11.— The end of a fortnight's desperate fighting in the Balkans finds Bulgaria forced to appeal to the powers to arrange peace.
    The Bulgarian plan to drive a wedge between the Greek and Servian armies in the neighborhood of Guevgheli has completely failed. The latest reports of the fighting, received from Athens last night, show that the Servians find Greeks at that point are combining their forces, while the Rumanian army is beginning an invasion of Bulgaria.
    This latter fact was doubtless the deciding factor in the Bulgarian appeal to the powers. How far Bulgaria's defeat has been due to dissensions in high military quarters, which resulted in the resignation of Gen. Savoff, and how far to the fact that the Bulgarian troops, which bore the brunt of the hard fighting in the campaign against Turkey, were more exhausted than the Greek and Servian forces, will probably never be known.

Rumored Disaster to Ivanoff.
    Rumors were published in Berlin yesterday, and according to The Daily Telegraph's correspondent at Athens were current there, that Gen. Ivanoff, with 50,000 Bulgarians, was forced to surrender near Demir-Hissar, where fighting was proceeding for the possession of a railway bridge over the Struma River.
    A later Athens dispatch to The Daily Telegraph says that no confirmation of this can be obtained, and an official report issued at Athens, although it mentions the fighting at Demir-Hissar, says nothing of any surrender.
    A Salonika dispatch to The Times gives the substances of official dispatches, in which it is stated that a column of Bulgarians endeavoring to pass Petritch, was repulsed by the Greeks, who captured fifteen guns.
    Dispatches from the European capitals published in London severely criticize Premier Daneff's overbearing policy as being the cause of the Bulgarians' defeat, and his speedy downfall is predicted.
    According to the Constantinople correspondent of The Daily Telegraph, Dr. Daneff adopted the same policy with Turkey. The correspondent adds that unless M. Natchevitch consents immediately to evacuation the Porte will, after twenty-four hours' notice, order the Ottoman troops to drive out the Bulgarians.
    It is expected that Rumania's first step will be the occupation of the 2,500 square miles of territory which she claims from Bulgaria as compensation for her neutrality in the recent war. This strip extends from Turtukai to Baltchik on the Black Sea, and includes the City of Silistria.
    Nothing can now be predicted as to how events will shape themselves, the Rumanian invasion of Bulgaria having brought an entirely new factor into the problem.
    Russia and France are devoting their efforts to persuading the Servian-Greek allies to adopt a moderate attitude in order to facilitate a peaceful settlement. The Servian Premier is quoted in The Vienna Neue Freie Presse as declaring that the new war has completely set aside all treaties of alliance, and that peace must now be negotiated on an entirely new basis.