Onrushing Turks Take Adrianople.

New York Times 100 years ago today, July 21, 1913:
Turkey Announces Her Purpose to Reoccupy Conquered Territory Up to the Maritza River.
BULGAR GARRISON YIELDS
Estimate of 50,000 Massacred in Three Months by the Now Defeated Army.
THRILLING STORY OF FLIGHT
Professor About to be Butchered Worked on Fears of Soldiers and Saved Himself and Others.
Special Cable to The New York Times.
    LONDON, Monday, July 21.— According to a Sofia dispatch to The Times, the Turks have entered Adrianople after a short conflict with the small Bulgarian defending force, and the Bashi-bazouks are burning, pillaging, and committing atrocities. Rumanian troops are advancing in an easterly direction, threatening Eastern Rumelia.
    The events of the last few days indicate the complete collapse of the authority of the powers.
    A Daily Mail dispatch from Sofia, confirming the foregoing, says that Enver Bey, at the head of a Turkish cavalry force, has arrived at Adrianople. The Bulgarian garrison of two battalions, about 2,000 men, had received orders not to resist the Turks.
    The same correspondent reports that 30,000 Rumanian troops are advancing upon Sofia and have already reached Orchaniji, about twenty miles northeast of Sofia, and Etropole, about thirty-eight miles northeast of Sofia.

    CONSTANTINOPLE, July 20.— The Sublime Porte has issued formal orders to the army to occupy Thrace and Adrianople.
    In a note acquainting the powers with this decision it is announced that the new Turko-Bulgarian frontier will be the River Maritza. The Porte saddles Bulgaria with the responsibility for any fighting that may ensue.

BULGARS MASSACRED 50,000.
London Telegraph Correspondent's Estimate of Three Months' Killings.
Special Cable to The New York Times.
    LONDON, July 20.— The Daily Telegraph's correspondent at Demir-Hissar, further describing the Bulgarian atrocities, says that his inquiries in that district lead him to believe that during the past three months about 50,000 have been done to death, of whom the vast majority were Turks.
    He sends a graphic description of life in Seres and the story of the final catastrophe from a refugee who was a professor of foreign languages. The professor said that on July 11 the Bulgarians roused him from sleep and summoned him to go undressed into the street. He refused and finally was allowed to dress. When he entered the street he found the whole town in flames, the streets covered with mangled corpses, and the shops ransacked, with their wares strewn in the street. He found a loaf of bread, but his companion mocked him. saying: "In ten minutes you will be dead. Why waste good bread?"
    By various excuses the professor induced his guard to pass down the street where the Austrian Consulate was situated, hoping to find shelter there. The door was open as they came abreast of it, and the professor bolted inside. There he found a Bulgarian officer and soldiers insisting that the Consul accompany them. The Consul refused to do so until they pointed out the fact that in a few minutes the house would catch fire. Then he gave way and ordered the courtyard door opened.
    Thereupon poured out a pitiful stream of 200 children, old and young women, and a dozen men who had vainly sought protection under the aegis of the double eagle. The crowd was driven by the soldiers with fixed bayonets and taken through the burning town toward the mountains. The terrible march across deep ravines began at midday and lasted hour after hour under the burning sun and the still more burning threats and insults. Those who lagged behind were spurred on with bayonets, the captors taking a brutal delight in describing to their victims the atrocities which they purposed to perpetrate upon them.
    A Greek woman asked the professor if he could sing the words of the hymn played by the Titanic's band, "Nearer, My God, to Thee!" but the soldiers immediately stopped this death chant.
    At last, at sunset, they reached the mountain plateau. The procession halted, and a Sergeant Major, in his fiercest voice, ordered the women, children, and men to form three groups, saying that some men were to be slaughtered there before it got too dark, and the others were to witness the spectacle.
    The professor, who had made up his mind that the best thing to do was to provoke the Bulgarians' rage, in order to avoid slow death and witnessing the martyrdom of the women, stood forward and challenged the Bulgar, saying:
    "We refuse. Let all die or none. Behind you this moment come the Greek Evzones. They will avenge us, and afterward Austria will demand an account for her murdered Consul."
    Seeing the impression he had made, he improved the occasion, and, assuming the attitude of a clairvoyant, cried: "Those about to die see visions. I see Almighty God stooping from heaven, torch in hand. He flies far over the mountains. There north-ward he stoops and sets fire to a house; it is your house, [that of the Sergeant Major.] I hear a woman cry; I see children's hands uplifted in agony. They are your children. 'Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord!'"
    So he continued, picking out older men. Soon superstition overcame the soldiers, and they clustered in a whispering group. The professor ceased to phophesy.
    "Have you money?" he whispered to his companions. "Give quickly, women! Give your trinkets!" and as notes, jewelry, and coins were pressed into the soldiers' hands the professor said:
    "With these and our lives you may buy absolution."
    His plan succeeded. The Consul, who had been standing apart, informed them that they were at liberty to return; and thus, with joy in their hearts and tears in their eyes, the band returned over the moonlit track, to be welcomed amid the ruins of Seres by the Greek Seventh Division; while the Bulgars, with $2,000 cash, besides much jewelry, made haste to rejoin their fleeing army.

ORDERED BISHOPS ARRESTED.
Bulgar Documents, Directing Exile of Dignitaries, Found by Greeks.
Special Cable to The New York Times.
    SALONIKA, July 20.— Among the records abandoned by the Bulgarians at Seres and captured by the Greek troops were these documents:
    Order 8,625, June 21; Gen. Voulkoff to the Prefect of Drama — For the arrest of the Archbishop and other prominent Greeks, accused of aiding in the rising of the population, and their dispatch into the interior of Bulgaria.
    Order 7,391, June 21; to Chief of Staff Mustakief, with list of notables to be arrested.
    Order 8,390, June 21; Gen. Voulkoff to the Prefect of Strumnitza — Order to arrest the Archbishop and send him to a monastery in the interior of Bulgaria.
    Order 8,256, June 21, suggesting the passing of sentence upon the Archbishop in order to justify his arrest.
    Order 8,263, (telegraphed) — Gen. Voulkoff informs the Commander in Chief that in accordance with his telegram, he has had the Bishops of Polianis and Mireon arrested and that the Bishop of Polianis ought to be sent north to Sofia.

BULGARS OFFER TERRITORY.
Send Delegates to Nish to Negotiate with Victors
    LONDON, Monday, July 21.— The advent of a new Bulgarian Cabinet comprising a coalition of the Liberal groups, seemed to have brought a. prospect that peace negotiations would soon be entered into. After vain attempts to negotiate separately with Rumania the Bulgarian Government accepted the advice of Austria and Russia, and offered Rumania an important territorial concession. Bulgaria also sent delegates to meet the Servian and Greek, and presumably Rumanian representatives at Nish to negotiate an armistice and peace.
    Servia, Greece, and Montenegro were ready to participate in these negotiations.
    A Belgrade dispatch to The Daily Telegraph says that the Servian Premier has agreed to receive the Bulgarian delegates at Nish. It is probable that the Greek Premier, M. Venizelos, and a Rumanian delegate will also meet them. Peace, adds the dispatch, may be signed in three days.
    A Bucharest dispatch to The Telegraph says that Bulgaria has agreed to cede to Rumania the territory within the Turtukai-Dobritch-Baltchik line and the new strategic frontier now occupied by the Rumanian troops, and asks for the immediate withdrawal of the Rumanian army.
    Rumania refuses to agree to this until peace has been concluded by all the belligerents.

    SOFIA, July 20.— The new coalition Cabinet under the Premiership of M. Radoslavoff, the Liberal leader in the Bulgarian Parliament, has been constituted as follows:
    Premier and Minister of the Interior, M. Radoslavoff; Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Guenadieff; Finance, M. Toncheff; Justice, M. Pecheff; War, Gen. Vazoff; Commerce. M. Blatcoff; Public Works, M. Dimcheff; Railways, M. Morphoff.

LOST ADRIANOPLE IN MARCH.
Turks Forced to Surrender After a Siege of 153 Days.
    Adrianople was won by the Balkan allies on March 26 after a siege of 153 days. The first gun was fired at the fortress by a Bulgarian field battery on Oct. 5 last. The investment of the city was completed by Gen. Ivanoff toward the end of October. Warlike operations were suspended during peace negotiations from Dec. 3 to Feb. 3, so that the fortifications were actually under fire between three and four months.
    Shukri Pasha, the Turkish Commander in Chief, finally surrendered to Gen. Savoff after a two days' battle, during which the Bulgarian cavalry forced their way into the city. In the course of the night before the city was taken the infantry destroyed a series of artificial obstructions, and at daybreak carried at the point of the bayonet the whole line of forts.
    Before the city was surrendered, however, Shukri Pasha had partly carried out his threat to destroy it rather than let it fall into the hands of the Bulgarians. The arsenals, most of the stores, and a great part of the rest of the town were in flames when the victors entered it.
    The garrison, which had been estimated between 40,000 and 60,000, was found to have been greatly reduced by disease and famine, as well as by losses in the battles which preceded the fall of the city.
    The retaking of Adrianople by the Turks is the crowning humiliation that Bulgaria has thus far suffered, and seems to mark the utter collapse of her resistance to the attacks of her former allies and her former enemy. Apparently her recent crushing reverses are largely due to dissensions among her commanders in the field and lack of confidence on the part of the Sofia Government in one of them in particular, Gen. Savoff, who, according to some reports, precipitated hostilities with the allies in defiance of Sofia and according to others was at odds with the home authorities as to the best offensive plan of campaign to be undertaken.